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Sengon wood (Paraserianthes falcataria) is widely used in the sawmill industry. It produces waste that has not received proper handling, furthermore, innovations are needed to solve this problem, as an example as a precursor for catalyst material. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize a Co/activated carbon as a catalyst for LDPE pyrolysis. The method used is the carbonization and activation of sengon wood at 400°C and 800°C using steam, respectively. Carbon was then impregnated with 5% Co(NO3)2·6H2O. Catalyst evaluation was carried out through proximate analysis, benzene adsorption, iodine number, methylene blue adsorption, and catalyst acidity. Functional group content, morphology, crystal phase, and surface area were analyzed using FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, and SAA. For application, the ratio of feed: catalyst is 1:1;1:5; and 1:10. The results showed that the quality of activated carbon was 90% close to Indonesian National Standard quality. The catalyst acidity was 10,555 mmol/g with a metal crystal size of 0.56nm. Surface morphology had opened pores with the pore size, pore volume, and surface area of 2.69 nm, 0.263 cm³/g, and 329.99 m²/g respectively. LDPE cracking using a catalyst resulted in aliphatic, aromatic, and alicyclic hydrocarbon products of 48.86, 15.26, and 12.55%. Co/activated carbon catalyst has an excellent prospect for use as an LDPE cracking catalyst as a green chemical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silica is a functional material with broad benefits, including as a catalyst. It is essential to substitute synthetic silica with natural silica to support green technology and economic development. The silica extraction process from bamboo leaf waste was carried out using an acid-base solution and a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) template structure to get mesoporous biosilica. This mesoporous biosilica was then applied as a biocatalyst for a-cellulose direct pyrolysis. Biosilica was characterized using various analyses including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Surface Area Analyzer (SAA), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), gravimetric methods, and applications to the cracking process using Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (Py-GCMS). The CTAB addition is divided into three variations, namely 0.05:1, 0.1:1, and 0.2:1. The data found that the highest yield was produced in the CTAB biosilica 0.2:1, and the silica content in the bamboo ash and CTAB biosilica sample was 60% and 90.5-93.6%, respectively. The surface acidity of the biosilica ranged from 1.97 and 2.1 mmol/g. The essential groups in the biosilica formed are hydroxyl, silanol, and siloxane groups, with the morphology of the silica being observed to be irregular in shape, forming aggregates like coral. The surface area of biosilica with the ratio of 0.05:1, 0.1:1, and 0.2:1 was 177.068 m2/g, 661.166 m²/g, and 684.852 m²/g, respectively, with a pore size distribution following the mesoporous class. The α-cellulose cracking using py-GCMS with a biosilica catalyst at CTAB variations of 0.05:1, 0.1:1, and 0.2:1 yielded a hydrocarbon content of 44.88%; 61.6%; and 30.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood waste is one of the easily accessible and inexpensive biomass sources that can be further converted into the broadly applicable carbon product, especially as catalysis material. The pyrolysis method at 350°C followed by sulfonation under reflux with H2SO4 12N was used to obtain a carbon catalyst from wood waste. The sulfonated carbon catalyst (SC) was analyzed based on Indonesian National Standards (SNI 06-3730-1995), consisting of acidity test via ammonia adsorption, identification of functional group using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), and crystallinity evaluation using X-ray Diffractometer (XRD). Afterward, the catalytic activity of SC catalyst was examined in the microwave-assisted hydrolysis reaction with varying weight ratios of catalyst to pulp: 1:1; 1:2; 1:4; 1:6 and 1:8. In addition, the power condition applied during the catalyzed reaction for 3 and 5 minutes was also varied into 200, 400, and 600 W. The result showed that the most optimum catalytic hydrolysis reaction by carbon catalyst, which generated the highest glucose (203.98 ppm), was carried out using a catalyst to pulp ratio of 1:4 at 600 W for 5 minutes. From this work, carbon material exhibited great potential to be developed as a green catalyst and, thus, can be expected to substitute the commonly used acid catalysts in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]